[From nobody Mon Aug 6 00:16:58 2007 From: "Saved by Windows Internet Explorer 7" Subject: MD Consult: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Potential Clinical Benefits in Surgery: Journal of the American College of Surgeons Date: Sun, 5 Aug 2007 16:03:55 -0700 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C7D77A.399E8320" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.0.6000.16480 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C7D77A.399E8320 Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=journal&source=&sp=19767158&sid=609540508/N/599548/1.html <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" = "http://www.w3c.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/loose.dtd"> <!-- SCCS AnyPageStart.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.AnyPageStart.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>MD Consult: Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Potential = Clinical Benefits in Surgery: Journal of the American College of = Surgeons</TITLE> <META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; = charset=3Dwindows-1252"><!-- SCCS MDCSiteSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% = --><!-- SCCS GlobalNavSetter.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavSetter.tmpl 1.4 07/04/21 = --><!-- SCCS MobileSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --><!-- SCCS = FirstConsultSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --><!-- SCCS = groups/GroupFirstConsultSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --><!-- END = groups/GroupFirstConsultSetter.tmpl --><!-- SCCS = services/SDeJournalsSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --><!-- ScienceDirect = Journals Linkout Enabled --><!-- SCCS services/SDeClinicsSetter.tmpl %Z% = %P% %I% %E% --><!-- SCCS MerckCoreCIUnsetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% = --><!-- mobile set - see if country banned --><!-- user country code is = set --><!-- mobile still set - see if bill plan banned --><!-- End of = AnyPageStart.tmpl --><!-- SCCS JournalPageSingle.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/journal/s.JournalPageSingle.tmpl 1.6 = 07/05/23 --><!-- SCCS WebTrendsTrackingSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% = --><!-- START OF SmartSource Data Collector TAG Head Part --><!-- = Copyright (c) 1996-2006 WebTrends Inc. 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// 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= //timeout =3D 0; // turn time out off=0A= timeout =3D 7000; // 7 second timeout (in milliseconds)=0A= =0A= function doOnLoad() =0A= {=0A= if (debug) alert("Doing On Load Actions for What's New page." +=0A= " Using scrolling ad.");=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // has no popup=0A= =0A= =0A= return true;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function runPopupAd() =0A= {=0A= if (debug) alert("inside runPopupAd().");=0A= =0A= =0A= if (debug) alert("running runPopupAd...calling xs_pdEx()");=0A= xs_pdEx();=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function closePopupAd() =0A= {=0A= if (debug) alert("Closing Popup Ad.");=0A= =0A= // has no popup=0A= return true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function resetOnLoad() =0A= {=0A= if (debug) alert("Resetting OnLoad Actions. Clearing cookies and = replaying ads.");=0A= =0A= // has no popup=0A= return false;=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= function clearOnLoad() =0A= {=0A= if (debug) alert("Clearing cookies for OnLoad Actions.");=0A= =0A= // has no popup=0A= return true;=0A= =0A= }=0A= //-->=0A= </SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript>=0A= <!--=0A= // SCCS layout/GlobalNavLogoFunctions.js @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavLogoFunctions.js 1.4 = 07/05/23 =0A= =0A= =0A= var image_host_url =3D window.location.protocol + "//" + = window.location.host;=0A= =0A= =0A= var gnavLoc =3D self; // window/frame location of global nav bar=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= var pf =3D null;=0A= =0A= =0A= if (PersonalFolders !=3D null)=0A= {=0A= pf =3D new PersonalFolders('http://personal.mdconsult.com/PF');=0A= }=0A= =0A= function OpenPF()=0A= {=0A= if (pf !=3D null) {=0A= pf.open();=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= alert('The Personal Folder server is currently unavailable');=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= function closeapps()=0A= {=0A= if (pf !=3D null) {=0A= pf.close();=0A= } =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= function checkBookmark()=0A= {=0A= var note_text =3D "";=0A= if (gnavLoc.note_) {=0A= note_text =3D gnavLoc.note_;=0A= }=0A= if (gnavLoc.name_ && gnavLoc.publicURL_) {=0A= if (pf !=3D null) {=0A= pf.saveBookmark(gnavLoc.name_, gnavLoc.publicURL_, "MDCMainWindow", = note_text,gnavLoc.expirationDate_);=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= alert('The Personal Folder server is currently unavailable');=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function checkSearch()=0A= {=0A= =0A= SearchDivs[0] =3D document.getElementById('AllSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[1] =3D document.getElementById('AllBooksSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[2] =3D document.getElementById('JournalsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[3] =3D document.getElementById('ClinicsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[4] =3D document.getElementById('PatientSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[5] =3D document.getElementById('AllDrugsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[6] =3D document.getElementById('NewsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[7] =3D = document.getElementById('AllGuidelinesSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[8] =3D = document.getElementById('BookImagesSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[9] =3D = document.getElementById('FirstConsultSearchDiv').style;=0A= var searchform_name;=0A= for (i=3D0; i<SearchDivs.length; i++)=0A= {=0A= if ((SearchDivs[i].visibility =3D=3D '') || (SearchDivs[i].visibility = =3D=3D 'visible'))=0A= {=0A= switch(i)=0A= {=0A= case 0:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_All';=0A= break =0A= case 1:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_AllBooks';=0A= break=0A= case 2:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_Journals';=0A= break=0A= case 3:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_Clinics';=0A= break=0A= case 4:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_Patient';=0A= break=0A= case 5:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_AllDrugs';=0A= break=0A= case 6:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_News';=0A= break=0A= case 7:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_AllGuidelines';=0A= break=0A= case 8:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_BookImages';=0A= break=0A= case 8:=0A= searchform_name =3D 'search_frm_FirstConsult';=0A= break=0A= default:=0A= }=0A= }=0A= } =0A= //alert(document.forms[searchform_name].term1.value);=0A= //alert(searchform_name,i);=0A= var search_name =3D = document.forms[searchform_name].srchsection.options[document.forms[search= form_name].srchsection.selectedIndex].text + ": ";=0A= var where_is_nbsp=3Dsearch_name.indexOf('All');=0A= if (where_is_nbsp =3D=3D-1)=0A= {=0A= search_name =3D search_name.slice(2);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (document.forms[searchform_name].term1.value)=0A= {=0A= search_name =3D search_name + = document.forms[searchform_name].term1.value;=0A= }=0A= =0A= var note_text =3D "";=0A= if (pf !=3D null) {=0A= // switch source value to PF one=0A= var source_was =3D document.forms[searchform_name].source.value;=0A= document.forms[searchform_name].source.value =3D 'saved';=0A= pf.saveSearch(search_name, = "http://www.mdconsult.com/public/search/query", "MDCMainWindow", = note_text, document.forms[searchform_name]);=0A= // switch source value back to MDC one=0A= document.forms[searchform_name].source.value =3D source_was;=0A= }=0A= else {=0A= alert('The Personal Folder server is currently unavailable');=0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // utility function=0A= function isNum(c) {=0A= if (c =3D=3D "0" || c =3D=3D "1" || c =3D=3D "2" || c =3D=3D "3" || = c =3D=3D "4" || c =3D=3D "5" || c =3D=3D "6" || c =3D=3D "7" || c =3D=3D = "8" || c =3D=3D "9") return true;=0A= return false;=0A= }=0A= function checkPrint()=0A= {=0A= =0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= if (debug) alert("checkPrint: checking print status, image_host_url: = " + image_host_url);=0A= //gnavLoc.focus(); gnavLoc.print();=0A= //alert('Opening the print preview window with: ' + = gnavLoc.location);=0A= =0A= openPrintPreview();=0A= }=0A= function openPrintPreview()=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= if (debug) alert("openPrintPreview: opening preview window for = image_host_url: " + image_host_url);=0A= //gnavLoc.focus(); gnavLoc.print();=0A= //alert('Opening the print preview window with: ' + = gnavLoc.location);=0A= var wsurl =3D "/website/view/preview?printing=3Dtrue&URL=3D";=0A= =0A= var loc =3D new String(gnavLoc.location);=0A= var params =3D 'printing=3Dtrue';=0A= =0A= if (debug) alert("openPrintPreview: Starting: loc is \n\n'" + loc + = "' ");=0A= if (loc.indexOf('#') > -1)=0A= {=0A= parts =3D loc.split('#');=0A= params +=3D '#' + parts[1];=0A= loc =3D parts[0];=0A= }=0A= loc +=3D (loc.indexOf('?') > -1) ? '&' : '?';=0A= loc +=3D params;=0A= if (debug) alert("openPrintPreview: After assembling params: loc is = \n\n'" + loc + "' ");=0A= //look for 'sid=3D' param and change value to '0' to remove hit = highlighting=0A= if ( (i =3D loc.indexOf('&sid=3D')) > -1 || (i =3D = loc.indexOf('?sid=3D')) > -1 )=0A= {=0A= var part1 =3D loc.substring(0, i + 5);=0A= var part2 =3D loc.substring(i + 5);=0A= var i =3D 0;=0A= var c =3D null;=0A= do { c =3D part2.charAt(i++);} while (isNum(c) && i < part2.length);=0A= if (isNum(c) && i =3D=3D part2.length)=0A= {=0A= part2 =3D "";=0A= }=0A= else=0A= {=0A= part2 =3D part2.substr(i - 1);=0A= }=0A= loc =3D part1 + '0' + part2;=0A= }=0A= if (debug) alert("openPrintPreview: After zeroing sid: loc is \n\n'" = + loc + "' ");=0A= var esloc =3D escape(loc);=0A= if (debug) alert("openPrintPreview: After escape: esloc is \n\n'" + = esloc + "' ");=0A= var url =3D wsurl+esloc;=0A= if (debug) alert("openPrintPreview: Opening the print preview window = with: \n\n'" + url + "' ");=0A= window.open(url, "PrintWindow",=0A= "toolbar=3Dno,location=3Dno,directories=3Dno," +=0A= ((window.print) ? "status=3Dno,menubar=3Dno," : = "status=3Dyes,menubar=3Dyes," ) +=0A= "scrollbars=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes,width=3D700,height=3D480");=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= function checkEmail()=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= if (debug) alert("checkEmail: checking email status, image_host_url: = " + image_host_url);=0A= //gnavLoc.focus(); gnavLoc.print();=0A= //alert('Opening the email friend window with: ' + gnavLoc.location);=0A= =0A= openEmailFriend();=0A= }=0A= function openEmailFriend()=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: opening email window for = image_host_url: " + image_host_url);=0A= //alert('Opening the email friend window with: ' + gnavLoc.location);=0A= var wsurl =3D "/website/view/email?emailing=3Dtrue&URL=3D";=0A= //var emurl =3D "/email/friend?ws=3Dtrue&ecurl=3D";=0A= var emurl =3D = "/about/email.html?emailing=3Dtrue&ws=3Dtrue&area=3Djournal&ecurl=3D";=0A= =0A= if (gnavLoc.bookmarkURL_)=0A= {=0A= var title =3D ((gnavLoc.title_) ? gnavLoc.title_ : "false" );=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: Starting: title is \n\n'" + title + = "' ");=0A= var estitle =3D escape(title);=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: After escape: estitle is \n\n'" + = estitle + "' ");=0A= =0A= var loc =3D new String(gnavLoc.bookmarkURL_);=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: Starting: loc is \n\n'" + loc + "' = ");=0A= /*=0A= * Use this if using page template to build email form=0A= *=0A= var params =3D 'emailing=3Dtrue';=0A= loc +=3D (loc.indexOf('?') > -1) ? '&' : '?';=0A= loc +=3D params;=0A= */=0A= var esloc =3D escape(loc);=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: After escape: esloc is \n\n'" + = esloc + "' ");=0A= =0A= var urlparam =3D emurl+esloc+"&ectitle=3D"+estitle;=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: After assemply: urlparam is \n\n'" + = urlparam + "' ");=0A= =0A= var url =3D wsurl+escape(urlparam);=0A= if (debug) alert("openEmailFriend: Opening the email friend window = with: \n\n'" + url + "' ");=0A= window.open(url, "EmailWindow",=0A= "toolbar=3Dno,location=3Dno,directories=3Dno," +=0A= "status=3Dno,menubar=3Dno," +=0A= "scrollbars=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes," +=0A= "width=3D600,height=3D480"=0A= );=0A= =0A= }=0A= else=0A= {=0A= alert("The Email service is currently unavailable for this document");=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= // SCCS HelpFunctions.js %Z% %P% %I% %E% =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= function showHelp()=0A= {=0A= window.open("/help/journal","MDCHelpWindow",=0A= = "toolbar=3Dyes,location=3Dno,directories=3Dno,status=3Dyes,menubar=3Dyes,= scrollbars=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes");=0A= //"width=3D770,height=3D570");=0A= }=0A= =0A= function showHelpArea(area)=0A= {=0A= window.open("/help/"+area,"MDCHelpWindow",=0A= = "toolbar=3Dyes,location=3Dno,directories=3Dno,status=3Dyes,menubar=3Dyes,= scrollbars=3Dyes,resizable=3Dyes");=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= //-->=0A= </SCRIPT> <SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript>=0A= <!--=0A= // SCCS layout/GlobalNavSearch.js @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavSearch.js 1.3 07/04/12=0A= =0A= =0A= =0A= // utility functions=0A= function isWhite(c)=0A= {=0A= // apparently not recognizing a vertical tab even though docs say it = does, maybe IE compat prob=0A= // if (c =3D=3D " " || c =3D=3D "\t" || c =3D=3D "\r" || c =3D=3D = "\n" || c =3D=3D "\f" || c =3D=3D "\v") return true;=0A= if (c =3D=3D " " || c =3D=3D "\t" || c =3D=3D "\r" || c =3D=3D "\n" = || c =3D=3D "\f") return true;=0A= return false;=0A= }=0A= function trim(s)=0A= {=0A= if (s =3D=3D null || s =3D=3D "") return "";=0A= // Trim whitespace from left end of string=0A= var i =3D 0;=0A= var c =3D null;=0A= do { c =3D s.charAt(i++);} while (isWhite(c) && i < s.length);=0A= if (c =3D=3D " " && i =3D=3D s.length) return "";=0A= s =3D s.substr(i - 1);=0A= // Trim whitespace from right end of string=0A= i =3D s.length - 1;=0A= c =3D null;=0A= do { c =3D s.charAt(i--); } while (isWhite(c) && i > -1);=0A= s =3D s.substring(0, i + 2);=0A= return s;=0A= }=0A= var submitted =3D false;=0A= function quickSubmit(form)=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= var terms =3D 0;=0A= // clean up terms=0A= form.term1.value =3D trim(form.term1.value);=0A= if (form.term1.value !=3D '')=0A= {=0A= terms =3D 1;=0A= }=0A= // is it a valid form?=0A= if (!terms)=0A= {=0A= alert("Insufficient Criteria!\n\nYou have not entered any terms for the = search. Please edit the terms. ");=0A= return false;=0A= }=0A= =0A= //Clear any Image Selection cookie=0A= document.cookie =3D "ConsultImages"+"=3D"+"1"+"; expires=3DThu, = 01-Jan-1970 00:00:01"+"; path=3D/"+(("www.mdconsult.com") ? "; = domain=3D" + "www.mdconsult.com" : "") ;=0A= =0A= // okay - switch off submit button and submit form=0A= form.search.disabled =3D true;=0A= if (submitted)=0A= {=0A= return false;=0A= }=0A= submitted =3D true;=0A= =0A= return true;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function enableFocus()=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= function disableFocus()=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= =0A= =0A= }=0A= function changeProdArea()=0A= {=0A= var debug =3D 0; // 0 =3D no debug; 1 =3D debug on=0A= if (debug)=0A= {=0A= alert("DEBUG:\n\n" +=0A= " form name=3D'"+document.form1.name+"'\n" +=0A= " form action=3D'"+document.form1.action+"'\n" +=0A= " form method=3D'"+document.form1.method+"'\n" +=0A= " form length=3D'"+document.form1.length+"'\n"=0A= );=0A= for (var i=3D0; i<document.form1.length; i++)=0A= {=0A= alert("DEBUG:\n\n form = element["+i+"]=3D'"+document.form1.elements[i].name+"'\n");=0A= =0A= }=0A= alert("DEBUG:\n\n" +=0A= " name=3D'"+document.form1.etype.name+"'\n" +=0A= " form=3D'"+document.form1.etype.form.name+"'\n" +=0A= " type=3D'"+document.form1.etype.type+"'\n" +=0A= " length=3D'"+document.form1.etype.length+"'\n" +=0A= " selectedIndex=3D'"+document.form1.etype.selectedIndex+"'\n"=0A= );=0A= }=0A= var selObject =3D document.form1.etype;=0A= var selectedValue =3D = selObject.options[selObject.options.selectedIndex].value;=0A= if (debug){alert("DEBUG:\n\nselectedValue=3D'"+selectedValue+"'\n");}=0A= document.form1.user_etype.value =3D selectedValue;=0A= var prodarea =3D "EV";=0A= var entitytype =3D "__";=0A= disableFocus();=0A= switch (selectedValue)=0A= {=0A= case ('All'): prodarea =3D "EV"; entitytype =3D "__"; enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('FirstConsult'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "FC";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Clinics'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "CN"; enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('BookImages'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "IB";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Books'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "BE"; enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('BookFast'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "BF";=0A= break;=0A= case ('BookUps'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "BU";=0A= break;=0A= case ('AllBooks'): prodarea =3D "BA"; entitytype =3D "__"; = enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('Journals'): prodarea =3D "MA"; entitytype =3D "__"; = enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('AllJournals'): prodarea =3D "JA"; entitytype =3D "__"; = enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('Pharm'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "CP";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Drugs'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "DM";=0A= break;=0A= case ('DrugUps'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "DU";=0A= break;=0A= case ('AllDrugs'): prodarea =3D "DA"; entitytype =3D "__";=0A= break;=0A= case ('News'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "NA";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Perspect'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "PR";=0A= break;=0A= case ('MediaLib'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "ML";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Guidelines'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "PG"; = enableFocus();=0A= break;=0A= case ('GuideUps'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "PU";=0A= break;=0A= case ('AllGuidelines'): prodarea =3D "PA"; entitytype =3D "__";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Patient'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "PE";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Union'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "SU";=0A= break;=0A= case ('Trials'): prodarea =3D "__"; entitytype =3D "TR";=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= document.form1.prodarea.value =3D prodarea;=0A= document.form1.user_prodarea.value =3D prodarea;=0A= document.form1.entitytype.value =3D entitytype;=0A= document.form1.user_entitytype.value =3D entitytype;=0A= return true;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function manageCheckboxDiv()=0A= {=0A= divObj =3D document.getElementById('SearchCheckBoxesDiv').style;=0A= if ((divObj.visibility =3D=3D 'visible'))=0A= {=0A= document.images['plusminus'].src=3D'/about/layout/plus_blue.gif'=0A= document.all.checkboxText.innerHTML =3D "Search Within Multiple Areas = (e.g., Books, Journals, and Guidelines)"=0A= hideDiv(divObj);=0A= }=0A= else=0A= {=0A= document.images['plusminus'].src=3D'/about/layout/minus_blue.gif'=0A= document.all.checkboxText.innerHTML =3D "Close Multiple Areas Select"=0A= showDiv(divObj);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function showDiv(obj,ht)=0A= {=0A= obj.visibility =3D 'visible';=0A= obj.display =3D 'inline';=0A= obj.zIndex =3D 1;=0A= // obj.height =3D ht;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function hideDiv(obj)=0A= {=0A= =0A= obj.visibility =3D 'hidden';=0A= obj.display =3D 'none';=0A= obj.zIndex =3D -1;=0A= obj.height =3D 0;=0A= }=0A= =0A= function jumplink(form) {=0A= =0A= loc =3D "/das/search/open/75828087-4?etype=3D";=0A= = etype=3Dform.srchsection.options[form.srchsection.selectedIndex].value;=0A= var divHeight=3Ddefault_height;=0A= var selectedDiv =3D document.getElementById(etype + = 'SearchDiv').style;=0A= initDivArrays();=0A= for (i=3D0; i<SearchDivs.length; i++)=0A= {=0A= if ((SearchDivs[i].visibility =3D=3D '') || (SearchDivs[i].visibility = =3D=3D 'visible'))=0A= {=0A= hideDiv(SearchDivs[i]);=0A= }=0A= =0A= if (SearchDivs[i] =3D=3D selectedDiv)=0A= {=0A= divHeight =3D SearchDivHeights[i];=0A= }=0A= } =0A= showDiv(selectedDiv,divHeight);=0A= setSearchSection(document.forms["search_frm_"+etype],etype);=0A= =0A= document.forms["search_frm_"+etype].term1.focus();=0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= function setSearchSection(form,form_etype)=0A= {=0A= for ( var i =3D 0; i < form.srchsection.length; i++ )=0A= {=0A= // find index of real etype and set selected to it=0A= if ( form.srchsection.options[i].value =3D=3D form_etype )=0A= {=0A= form.srchsection.selectedIndex =3D i;=0A= break;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= var default_height=3D40;=0A= var SearchDivs =3D new Array();=0A= var SearchDivHeights =3D new Array();=0A= var did_initDivArrays =3D 0;=0A= function initDivArrays()=0A= {=0A= if (!did_initDivArrays)=0A= {=0A= =0A= SearchDivs[0] =3D document.getElementById('AllSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[1] =3D document.getElementById('AllBooksSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[2] =3D document.getElementById('JournalsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[3] =3D document.getElementById('ClinicsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[4] =3D document.getElementById('PatientSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[5] =3D document.getElementById('AllDrugsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[6] =3D document.getElementById('NewsSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[7] =3D = document.getElementById('AllGuidelinesSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[8] =3D document.getElementById('BookImagesSearchDiv').style;=0A= SearchDivs[9] =3D = document.getElementById('FirstConsultSearchDiv').style;=0A= =0A= SearchDivHeights[0] =3D default_height;=0A= SearchDivHeights[1] =3D default_height;=0A= SearchDivHeights[2] =3D 150;=0A= SearchDivHeights[3] =3D 150;=0A= SearchDivHeights[4] =3D default_height;=0A= SearchDivHeights[5] =3D 120;=0A= SearchDivHeights[6] =3D default_height;=0A= SearchDivHeights[7] =3D 120;=0A= SearchDivHeights[8] =3D default_height;=0A= SearchDivHeights[9] =3D 80;=0A= =0A= =0A= did_initDivarrays =3D 1;=0A= }=0A= }=0A= =0A= function TurnSaveOff()=0A= {=0A= var myString;=0A= var thetimer;=0A= if (top.vLogo && top.vLogo.document && = (top.vLogo.document.images.arrow1 || = top.vLogo.document.images.savequery))=0A= {=0A= top.vLogo.changearrows('none','SAVEOFF');=0A= }=0A= else=0A= {=0A= myString =3D "TurnSaveOff()";=0A= thetimer =3D setTimeout(myString,500);=0A= }=0A= }=0A= function CreateSearchOptionLink(strType)=0A= {=0A= var optionsDiv =3D document.getElementById(strType + = 'OptionsDiv').style;=0A= if (optionsDiv.display =3D=3D 'none'){=0A= showDiv(optionsDiv,100);=0A= }=0A= else{=0A= hideDiv(optionsDiv);=0A= // = document.getElementById('searchoptionstext').innerHTML=3D'newtext'=0A= }=0A= =0A= }=0A= =0A= =0A= //-->=0A= </SCRIPT> <!-- SCCS PortalNavSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --><!-- = -------------------------- END GlobalNav Head -------------------------- = --><!-- SCCS journal/ContentNavSetter.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --><!-- = available article by ft --><!-- article is accessible by cpi --> <META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.16481" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD> <BODY><!-- SCCS layout/GlobalNavBody.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavBody.tmpl 1.4 07/04/21 = --><!-- SCCS layout/GlobalNavLinkSetter.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavLinkSetter.tmpl 1.3 = 07/06/05 --><!-- ------------------------- START GlobalNav Body = ------------------------- --><!-- ----------------------------------- = --><!-- Banner/Home Button/Menu Area --><!-- = ----------------------------------- --><!-- Jump to Reader Menus --><!-- = SCCS layout/GlobalNavBar.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavBar.tmpl 1.4 07/05/23 = --><!-- Add skip link for ADA compliance --><A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#le= ftskip"><IMG=20 height=3D1 alt=3D"skip to the content"=20 src=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/images/blank.gif" width=3D1 = border=3D0></A><BR> <DIV id=3Dglobalheader><A name=3Dpagetop></A><!-- = ----------------------- --><!-- Logo Space --><!-- = ----------------------- --> <DIV id=3Dlogo><A title=3D"MD Consult Home Page"=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/php/75828087-4/home.html" = target=3D_top><IMG=20 height=3D37 alt=3D"MD Consult Home" hspace=3D0=20 src=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/about/layout/mh_mdconsult_logo.png" = width=3D176=20 vspace=3D2 border=3D0></A> </DIV><!-- end logo --><!-- = --------------------------- --><!-- Brand/Promo Area --><!-- = --------------------------- --> <DIV id=3Dpromo></DIV><!-- end promo --> <DIV class=3Dgloballinks id=3Dreglinks><!-- --------------------------- = --><!-- Name/Date Area --><!-- --------------------------- = --> <DIV id=3Dfullname>Ivan Hronek </DIV><!-- end fullname --><!-- = ------------------- --><!-- Global Buttons --><!-- = ------------------- --> <DIV id=3Dbuttons><!-- SCCS layout/GlobalNavButtons.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavButtons.tmpl 1.2 07/04/25 = --> <SCRIPT language=3DJavaScript>=0A= <!--=0A= function launchMobile()=0A= {=0A= =0A= =0A= var pda_url =3D = "http://pocketconsult.elsevier.com/handheldhome/siteAccessAction.do?prodC= ode=3D1000&userId=3D6021678";=0A= =0A= =0A= window.open(pda_url,"PDAWindow");=0A= =0A= }=0A= //-->=0A= </SCRIPT> <!-- Help Button --><A title=3DHelp onclick=3DshowHelp()=20 href=3D"javascript:void(null);// Show Help;" target=3D_top>Help</A> | = <!-- eNews Button --><A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/php/view/75828087-4/about?page=3Dpm_news= letter.html"=20 target=3D_top>Newsletter</A> | <!-- Normal Mode Buttons --><!-- My = Folder Button --><A=20 title=3D"Edit Bookmarks and Saved Searches" onclick=3DOpenPF()=20 href=3D"javascript:void(null);// Show Folder;" = target=3D_top>My&nbsp;Folder</A> | <!-- My PDA/Mobile Button --><A = title=3D"Manage PDA Downloads"=20 onclick=3DlaunchMobile() href=3D"javascript:void(null);// Show = PocketConsult;"=20 target=3D_top>My&nbsp;PDA</A> | <!-- My Profile/Account Button --><A=20 title=3D"Edit Account Information"=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/profile/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>My&nbsp;Account</A> | <!-- Log-off Button --><A=20 title=3D"Log Off of MD Consult" onclick=3Dcloseapps()=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/les/logoff" = target=3D_top>Log&nbsp;Off</A> </DIV><!-- end buttons --></DIV><!-- end = reglinks --></DIV><!-- end globalheader --><!-- = ----------------------------------- --><!-- Menu Bar = --><!-- ----------------------------------- --><!-- SCCS = layout/GlobalNavMenuBar.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavMenuBar.tmpl 1.5 07/06/05 = --> <DIV class=3Dglobalnavlinks> <UL><!-- SCCS layout/GlobalNavMenu.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavMenu.tmpl 1.2 07/04/04 = --> <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/php/75828087-4/home.html"=20 target=3D_top>Home</A>=20 <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/booklist/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>Books</A>=20 <LI id=3Dactive><A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/journallist/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>Journals</A>=20 <LI><A title=3D"The Clinics of North America"=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/clinicslist/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>The Clinics</A>=20 <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/patient/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>Patient Education</A>=20 <LI><A title=3D"Drug Monographs from Gold Standard"=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/pharm/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>Drugs</A>=20 <LI><A = href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/guidelines/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>Guidelines</A>=20 <LI><A title=3D"Images from Books"=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/figure/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top>Images</A>=20 <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/stat/view/75828087-4/mnfp" = target=3D_top>News</A>=20 <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/cme/view/75828087-4"=20 target=3D_top><ACRONYM lang=3Den=20 title=3D"Continuing Medical Education">CME</ACRONYM></A> = </LI></UL></DIV><!-- end globalnavlinks --><!-- flat version --><!-- = ----------------------------------- --><!-- Quick Search Form = --><!-- ----------------------------------- --><!-- SCCS = layout/GlobalNavSearchBar.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/layout/s.GlobalNavSearchBar.tmpl 1.5 = 07/04/18 --><!-- flat version --> <DIV id=3Dsearchbar> <DIV id=3DAllSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; VISIBILITY: hidden; HEIGHT: = 0px"><!-- SCCS SearchForm @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl 1.6 07/06/08 = --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search form --><!-- = SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_All=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_All);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DAll name=3Detype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DAll=20 name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3DEV = name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DEV name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden value=3D__=20 name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms name=3Dsource> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3Dhits=20 name=3DbbSortBy> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3Dname> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden name=3Durl>=20 <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DurlTarget> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = name=3Dnote> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3DpfObjref> <!-- Content Type Selection = ................................. --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll=20 selected>All Sections<OPTION = value=3DAllBooks>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION=20 value=3DJournals>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals / MEDLINE<OPTION=20 value=3DClinics>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION=20 value=3DPatient>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION=20 value=3DAllDrugs>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of the search form that contains the Search = button --><!-- Clear Search --><!-- Display the SEARCH button --><INPUT = class=3Dsearch-button type=3Dsubmit value=3DSearch name=3Dsubmitbutton>=20 <!-- Load templates based on the content type that the user is = searching --><!-- SCCS SearchFormBottom @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormBottom.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --></TD></FORM></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV id=3DFirstConsultSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; VISIBILITY: hidden; HEIGHT: = 0px"><!-- SCCS SearchForm @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl 1.6 07/06/08 = --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search form --><!-- = SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_FirstConsult=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_FirstConsult);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DFirstConsult name=3Detype> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden=20 value=3DFirstConsult name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3D__=20 name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DFC name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DFC=20 name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms = name=3Dsource> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Dname> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3Durl> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden=20 name=3DurlTarget> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3Dnote> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden=20 name=3DpfObjref> <!-- Content Type Selection = ................................. --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll=20 selected>All Sections<OPTION = value=3DAllBooks>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION=20 value=3DJournals>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals / MEDLINE<OPTION=20 value=3DClinics>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION=20 value=3DPatient>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION=20 value=3DAllDrugs>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of the search form that contains the Search = button --><!-- Clear Search --><!-- Display the SEARCH button --><INPUT = class=3Dsearch-button type=3Dsubmit value=3DSearch name=3Dsubmitbutton>=20 <A onclick=3D"CreateSearchOptionLink( 'FirstConsult');"=20 href=3D"javascript:void(null);"><SPAN = id=3Dsearchoptionstext>FirstCONSULT=20 Search Options</SPAN></A> <!-- Load templates based on the = content type that the user is searching --> <DIV id=3DFirstConsultOptionsDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; HEIGHT: 0px"><!-- SCCS = SearchTermsFirstConsult @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsFirstConsult.tmpl 1.3 = 07/06/08 --><!--FirstConsult Advanced Search Options--> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D2 width=3D600 border=3D0 = nowrap><!--FirstConsult Search Type--> <TBODY> <TR> <TD colSpan=3D4 height=3D15></TD></TR><!--FirstConsult Article = Types--> <TR> <TD width=3D25></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><INPUT id=3Dfc122 type=3Dcheckbox CHECKED=20 onchange=3DTurnSaveOff(); value=3Dddx name=3DfcArticleTypes> = <LABEL=20 title=3D"Include Differential Diagnoses Files" = for=3Dfc122>Differential=20 Diagnoses</LABEL> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><INPUT id=3Dfc101 type=3Dcheckbox CHECKED=20 onchange=3DTurnSaveOff(); value=3Dmed name=3DfcArticleTypes> = <LABEL=20 title=3D"Include Medical Topics Files" for=3Dfc101>Medical=20 Topics</LABEL> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><INPUT id=3Dfc103 type=3Dcheckbox = onchange=3DTurnSaveOff();=20 value=3Ded name=3DfcArticleTypes> <LABEL=20 title=3D"Include Patient Education Files" = for=3Dfc103>Patient=20 Education</LABEL> </TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><INPUT id=3Dfc104 type=3Dcheckbox CHECKED=20 onchange=3DTurnSaveOff(); value=3Dproc = name=3DfcArticleTypes> <LABEL=20 title=3D"Include Procedure Files" = for=3Dfc104>Procedures</LABEL>=20 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV><!-- SCCS SearchFormBottom @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormBottom.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --></TD></FORM></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV id=3DAllBooksSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; VISIBILITY: hidden; HEIGHT: = 0px"><!-- SCCS SearchForm @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl 1.6 07/06/08 = --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search form --><!-- = SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_AllBooks=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_AllBooks);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DAllBooks name=3Detype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DAllBooks=20 name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3DBA = name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DBA name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden value=3D__=20 name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms name=3Dsource> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3Dhits=20 name=3DbbSortBy> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3Dname> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden name=3Durl>=20 <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DurlTarget> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = name=3Dnote> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3DpfObjref> <!-- Content Type Selection = ................................. --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll>All Sections<OPTION value=3DAllBooks=20 selected>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION = value=3DJournals>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals /=20 MEDLINE<OPTION value=3DClinics>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION=20 value=3DPatient>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION=20 value=3DAllDrugs>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of the search form that contains the Search = button --><!-- Clear Search --><!-- Display the SEARCH button --><INPUT = class=3Dsearch-button type=3Dsubmit value=3DSearch name=3Dsubmitbutton>=20 <!-- Load templates based on the content type that the user is = searching --><!-- SCCS SearchFormBottom @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormBottom.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --></TD></FORM></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV id=3DJournalsSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: inline; Z-INDEX: 1; VISIBILITY: visible"><!-- SCCS = SearchForm @(#) /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl = 1.6 07/06/08 --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search = form --><!-- SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_Journals=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_Journals);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DJournals name=3Detype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DJournals=20 name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3DMA = name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DMA name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden value=3D__=20 name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms name=3Dsource> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = name=3Dname> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Durl> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DurlTarget> = <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Dnote> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DpfObjref> = <!-- Content Type Selection ................................. = --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll>All Sections<OPTION = value=3DAllBooks>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION=20 value=3DJournals selected>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals / MEDLINE<OPTION=20 value=3DClinics>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION=20 value=3DPatient>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION=20 value=3DAllDrugs>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of the search form that contains the Search = button --><!-- Clear Search --><!-- Display the SEARCH button --><INPUT = class=3Dsearch-button type=3Dsubmit value=3DSearch name=3Dsubmitbutton>=20 <!-- Load templates based on the content type that the user is = searching --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD id=3Dsearchlayout> <DIV><!-- SCCS SearchTermsAuthor @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsAuthor.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD><IMG height=3D1=20 src=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/images/blank.gif" = width=3D80></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3Dsearch>Last = Name</SPAN></TD> <TD noWrap align=3Dmiddle><SPAN class=3Dsearch>First=20 Initial</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dmiddle><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>MI</SPAN></TD></TR> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch>Author:</SPAN></TD> <TD><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); size=3D15=20 name=3DtermAuthor1Name></TD> <TD align=3Dmiddle><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); = maxLength=3D1=20 size=3D1 name=3DtermAuthor1FI></TD> <TD align=3Dmiddle><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); = maxLength=3D1=20 size=3D1 = name=3DtermAuthor1MI></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- SCCS = SearchTermsJournal @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsJournal.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Journal=20 Name:</SPAN></TD> <TD><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); size=3D28=20 = name=3DtermJournalName></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV><!-- SCCS SearchOptionsDateRange @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchOptionsDateRange.tmpl 1.6 = 07/05/11 --><!--from...to menus--><!-- etype: Journals --><!-- Setting = defaults --><!-- DateRange1Selected: --><!-- DateRange2Selected: = --><!-- DateRange3Selected: --><!-- DateRange4Selected: --><!-- = DateRange5Selected: --><!-- DateRange6Selected: --><!-- = DateRange7Selected: --><!-- DateRange8Selected: --><!-- = DateRange9Selected: --><!-- DateRange10Selected: --><!-- = DateRange11Selected: --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD></TD> <TD><SPAN class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;</SPAN></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Date=20 Range:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SELECT onchange=3DTurnSaveOff(); = name=3DDateRange>=20 <OPTION value=3D20062010>2006 to Current<OPTION=20 value=3D20052010>2005 to Current<OPTION = value=3D20042010=20 selected>2004 to Current<OPTION = value=3D20032010>2003 to=20 Current<OPTION value=3D20022010>2002 to = Current<OPTION=20 value=3D20012010>2001 to Current<OPTION = value=3D20002010>2000 to=20 Current<OPTION value=3D19952010>1995 to = Current<OPTION=20 value=3D19902010>1990 to Current<OPTION = value=3D19802010>1980 to=20 Current<OPTION value=3D19661979>1966 - = 1979</OPTION></SELECT>=20 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- SCCS SearchTermsPubDate = @(#) /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsPubDate.tmpl 1.4 = 07/04/26 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OR=20 Date:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><NOBR><INPUT = onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); size=3D10=20 name=3DtermPubDate></NOBR></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dleft><NOBR><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;Ex.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mar=20 2002</SPAN></NOBR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV><!-- SCCS SearchOptionsArticleType @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchOptionsArticleType.tmpl 1.4 = 07/04/26 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD></TD> <TD><SPAN class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;</SPAN></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Article=20 Type:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SELECT class=3Ddefault = onchange=3DTurnSaveOff();=20 name=3DArticleType> <OPTION value=3DAll = selected>All<OPTION=20 value=3D"literature reviews">Reviews<OPTION=20 value=3Dcochrane>Cochrane<OPTION=20 value=3Dopinions>Opinions<OPTION=20 = value=3Dtrials>Trials</OPTION></SELECT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- = SCCS SearchOptionsSubjectAge.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchOptionsSubjectAge.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!--Article Subject Ages--> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Subject=20 Age:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SELECT class=3Ddefault = onchange=3DTurnSaveOff();=20 name=3DlimitsubjectsAge> <OPTION value=3DAll = selected>All<OPTION=20 value=3D"Infant, Newborn">Infant, Newborn<OPTION=20 value=3DInfant>Infant<OPTION value=3D"Child, = Preschool">Child,=20 Preschool<OPTION value=3DChild>Child<OPTION=20 value=3DAdolescence>Adolescence<OPTION=20 value=3DAdult>Adult<OPTION value=3D"Middle = Age">Middle=20 Age<OPTION=20 = value=3DAged>Aged</OPTION></SELECT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></TD><= /TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- SCCS SearchFormBottom @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormBottom.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --></TD></FORM></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV id=3DClinicsSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; VISIBILITY: hidden; HEIGHT: = 0px"><!-- SCCS SearchForm @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl 1.6 07/06/08 = --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search form --><!-- = SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_Clinics=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_Clinics);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DClinics name=3Detype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DClinics=20 name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3D__ name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden value=3DCN=20 name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3DCN = name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms name=3Dsource> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = name=3Dname> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Durl> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DurlTarget> = <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Dnote> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DpfObjref> = <!-- Content Type Selection ................................. = --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll>All Sections<OPTION = value=3DAllBooks>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION=20 value=3DJournals>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals / MEDLINE<OPTION = value=3DClinics=20 selected>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION=20 value=3DPatient>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION=20 value=3DAllDrugs>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of the search form that contains the Search = button --><!-- Clear Search --><!-- Display the SEARCH button --><INPUT = class=3Dsearch-button type=3Dsubmit value=3DSearch name=3Dsubmitbutton>=20 <!-- Load templates based on the content type that the user is = searching --><BR> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD id=3Dsearchlayout> <DIV><!-- SCCS SearchTermsAuthor @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsAuthor.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD><IMG height=3D1=20 src=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/images/blank.gif" = width=3D80></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SPAN class=3Dsearch>Last = Name</SPAN></TD> <TD noWrap align=3Dmiddle><SPAN class=3Dsearch>First=20 Initial</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dmiddle><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>MI</SPAN></TD></TR> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch>Author:</SPAN></TD> <TD><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); size=3D15=20 name=3DtermAuthor1Name></TD> <TD align=3Dmiddle><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); = maxLength=3D1=20 size=3D1 name=3DtermAuthor1FI></TD> <TD align=3Dmiddle><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); = maxLength=3D1=20 size=3D1 = name=3DtermAuthor1MI></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- SCCS = SearchTermsJournal @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsJournal.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Clinics=20 Name:</SPAN></TD> <TD><INPUT onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); size=3D28=20 = name=3DtermJournalName></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV><!-- SCCS SearchOptionsDateRange @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchOptionsDateRange.tmpl 1.6 = 07/05/11 --><!--from...to menus--><!-- etype: Clinics --><!-- Setting = defaults --><!-- DateRange1Selected: --><!-- DateRange2Selected: = --><!-- DateRange3Selected: --><!-- DateRange4Selected: --><!-- = DateRange5Selected: --><!-- DateRange6Selected: --><!-- = DateRange7Selected: --><!-- DateRange8Selected: --><!-- = DateRange9Selected: --><!-- DateRange10Selected: --><!-- = DateRange11Selected: --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD></TD> <TD><SPAN class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;</SPAN></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Date=20 Range:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SELECT onchange=3DTurnSaveOff(); = name=3DDateRange>=20 <OPTION value=3D20062010>2006 to Current<OPTION=20 value=3D20052010>2005 to Current<OPTION = value=3D20042010=20 selected>2004 to Current<OPTION = value=3D20032010>2003 to=20 Current<OPTION value=3D20022010>2002 to = Current<OPTION=20 value=3D20012010>2001 to Current<OPTION = value=3D20002010>2000 to=20 Current<OPTION value=3D19952010>1995 to = Current<OPTION=20 value=3D19902010>1990 to Current<OPTION = value=3D19802010>1980 to=20 Current<OPTION value=3D19661979>1966 - = 1979</OPTION></SELECT>=20 </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- SCCS SearchTermsPubDate = @(#) /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsPubDate.tmpl 1.4 = 07/04/26 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;OR=20 Date:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><NOBR><INPUT = onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); size=3D10=20 name=3DtermPubDate></NOBR></TD> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dleft><NOBR><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;Ex.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mar=20 2002</SPAN></NOBR></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV><!-- SCCS SearchOptionsArticleType @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchOptionsArticleType.tmpl 1.4 = 07/04/26 --> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR vAlign=3Dbottom> <TD></TD> <TD><SPAN class=3Dsearch>&nbsp;</SPAN></TD></TR> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Article=20 Type:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SELECT class=3Ddefault = onchange=3DTurnSaveOff();=20 name=3DArticleType> <OPTION value=3DAll = selected>All<OPTION=20 value=3D"literature reviews">Reviews<OPTION=20 value=3Dcochrane>Cochrane<OPTION=20 value=3Dopinions>Opinions<OPTION=20 = value=3Dtrials>Trials</OPTION></SELECT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- = SCCS SearchOptionsSubjectAge.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchOptionsSubjectAge.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!--Article Subject Ages--> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 border=3D0 nowrap> <TBODY> <TR> <TD vAlign=3Dcenter align=3Dright><SPAN = class=3Dsearch>Subject=20 Age:&nbsp;</SPAN></TD> <TD align=3Dleft><SELECT class=3Ddefault = onchange=3DTurnSaveOff();=20 name=3DlimitsubjectsAge> <OPTION value=3DAll = selected>All<OPTION=20 value=3D"Infant, Newborn">Infant, Newborn<OPTION=20 value=3DInfant>Infant<OPTION value=3D"Child, = Preschool">Child,=20 Preschool<OPTION value=3DChild>Child<OPTION=20 value=3DAdolescence>Adolescence<OPTION=20 value=3DAdult>Adult<OPTION value=3D"Middle = Age">Middle=20 Age<OPTION=20 = value=3DAged>Aged</OPTION></SELECT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV></TD><= /TR></TBODY></TABLE><!-- SCCS SearchFormBottom @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormBottom.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --></TD></FORM></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV id=3DPatientSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; VISIBILITY: hidden; HEIGHT: = 0px"><!-- SCCS SearchForm @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl 1.6 07/06/08 = --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search form --><!-- = SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_Patient=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_Patient);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DPatient name=3Detype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DPatient=20 name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3D__ name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden value=3DPE=20 name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3DPE = name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms name=3Dsource> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = name=3Dname> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Durl> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DurlTarget> = <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Dnote> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DpfObjref> = <!-- Content Type Selection ................................. = --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll>All Sections<OPTION = value=3DAllBooks>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION=20 value=3DJournals>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals / MEDLINE<OPTION=20 value=3DClinics>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION value=3DPatient=20 selected>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION=20 value=3DAllDrugs>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of the search form that contains the Search = button --><!-- Clear Search --><!-- Display the SEARCH button --><INPUT = class=3Dsearch-button type=3Dsubmit value=3DSearch name=3Dsubmitbutton>=20 <!-- Load templates based on the content type that the user is = searching --><!-- SCCS SearchFormBottom @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormBottom.tmpl 1.1 07/03/19 = --></TD></FORM></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV> <DIV id=3DAllDrugsSearchDiv=20 style=3D"DISPLAY: none; Z-INDEX: -1; VISIBILITY: hidden; HEIGHT: = 0px"><!-- SCCS SearchForm @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchForm.tmpl 1.6 07/06/08 = --><!-- These templates are always loaded for the search form --><!-- = SCCS SearchFormTop.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormTop.tmpl 1.5 07/06/08 = --> <TABLE width=3D"100%"> <TBODY> <TR> <FORM id=3Dquicksearch name=3Dsearch_frm_AllDrugs=20 onsubmit=3D"return postTerms(document.search_frm_AllDrugs);"=20 action=3D/das/search/query/75828087-4 method=3Dget target=3D_top> <TD><!-- Hidden variables ................................. = --><INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DAllDrugs name=3Detype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = value=3DAllDrugs=20 name=3Duser_etype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3DDA = name=3Dprodarea> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3DDA name=3Duser_prodarea> <INPUT = type=3Dhidden value=3D__=20 name=3Dentitytype> <INPUT type=3Dhidden value=3D__ = name=3Duser_entitytype> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden value=3Dterms name=3Dsource> <INPUT type=3Dhidden = name=3Dname> <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Durl> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DurlTarget> = <INPUT=20 type=3Dhidden name=3Dnote> <INPUT type=3Dhidden name=3DpfObjref> = <!-- Content Type Selection ................................. = --><SPAN>Search&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <SELECT onchange=3Djumplink(this.form) name=3Dsrchsection> <OPTION = value=3DAll>All Sections<OPTION = value=3DAllBooks>&nbsp;&nbsp;Books<OPTION=20 value=3DJournals>&nbsp;&nbsp;Journals / MEDLINE<OPTION=20 value=3DClinics>&nbsp;&nbsp;The Clinics<OPTION=20 value=3DPatient>&nbsp;&nbsp;Patient Education<OPTION = value=3DAllDrugs=20 selected>&nbsp;&nbsp;Drugs<OPTION=20 value=3DAllGuidelines>&nbsp;&nbsp;Guidelines<OPTION=20 value=3DBookImages>&nbsp;&nbsp;Images<OPTION=20 value=3DNews>&nbsp;&nbsp;News</OPTION></SELECT> = <SPAN>&nbsp;for&nbsp;</SPAN>=20 <!-- SCCS SearchTermsSubject @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchTermsSubject.tmpl 1.3 = 07/04/12 --><!-- --------------------------------------------------- = --><!-- Search Phrases --><!-- = --------------------------------------------------- --><INPUT=20 onkeypress=3DTurnSaveOff(); onfocus=3Dthis.select(); size=3D30=20 value=3D"near-infrared spectroscopy" name=3Dterm1> <!-- SCCS = SearchFormMiddle @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/search/s.SearchFormMiddle.tmpl 1.4 07/04/18 = --><!-- This is the section of 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name=3Dtop></A><!-- End of AnyPageHeader.tmpl = --><!-- = ------------------------------------------------------------------ = --><!-- SCCS JournalPageBody.tmpl @(#) = /dvlpmnt/sccs/prod/mdc/tmplt/journal/s.JournalPageBody.tmpl 1.5 07/05/23 = --> <DIV class=3D"rightLayout player" id=3Dplay_art><!-- = ------------------------------------------------------------------ --> <DIV class=3Dmain id=3Dviewer><!-- = ------------------------------------------------------------------ --> <P id=3Dtermsofuse>Use of this content is subject to the <A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/website/view?URL=3D/about/terms.html%3Fw= s=3Dtrue%26tc=3Dtrue"=20 target=3DWebWindow>Terms and Conditions</A> </FONT></P> <DIV id=3Dheader> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 width=3D"100%" border=3D0> <TBODY> <TR> <TD> <H1>Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Potential Clinical Benefits in=20 Surgery</H1> <P class=3Dsubtitle><STRONG>Journal of the American College of=20 Surgeons</STRONG> - Volume 205, Issue 2 (August 2007) = &nbsp;-&nbsp;=20 Copyright =A9 2007 American College of Surgeons &nbsp;-&nbsp; = <NOBR><A=20 onmouseup=3D"waitArrows('allright', 'OFF')" class=3Dsmall=20 = href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/about/journal/75828087-4/about0bzb.html"= >About=20 This Journal</A></NOBR> </P> <P class=3D"subtitle small">MDC Extra Article: This additional = article is=20 not currently cited in MEDLINE, but was found in MD Consult's = full-text=20 literature database. </P> <P class=3Dsubtitle><!-- SCCS = journal/JournalNotPublishedMessage.tmpl %Z% %P% %I% %E% --></P></TD> <TD><!-- ----------------------------------- PDF = ------------------------------------- --><!-- CPI_ACCESSIBLE --> <P id=3DdownloadPDF><A title=3D"PDF version of article"=20 = href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/s10727515= 0700244x.pdf"=20 target=3D_new><IMG alt=3D"PDF version of article"=20 src=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/about/layout/adobe_pdf.png" = border=3D0></A>=20 </P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></DIV><!-- END header --> <DIV id=3DjournalPage><!-- ---------------------------------- --><A = name=3Dtext></A> <DIV id=3Dbodycontent><A name=3DS107275150700244X><!-- = MDC_doi=3D10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.02.024 -->Collective=20 review<BR><FONT size=3D+2><B><SPAN class=3Dtitle><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>Near-Infrared</SPAN> <SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>Spectroscopy</SPAN>: Potential Clinical Benefits in=20 Surgery</SPAN></B></FONT><BR><BR><FONT size=3D-1><BR><B><B>Stephen=20 M.&nbsp;Cohn</B><B>,</B>&nbsp;MD, FACS<A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#co= r0700244x001"=20 name=3Dxref_cor0700244x001><FONT = size=3D-1><SUP>&#8270;</SUP></FONT></A></B> <BR><BR> <HR align=3Dleft width=3D"16%"> <FONT size=3D-2>Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health = Science Center,=20 San Antonio, TX.</FONT>=20 <HR align=3Dleft width=3D"16%"> <TABLE cellSpacing=3D0 cellPadding=3D0 rules=3Dnone width=3D"48%" = frame=3Dvoid> <TBODY> <TR> <TD><FONT size=3D-2><SUP><A name=3Dcor0700244x001>*</A></SUP> = Correspondence=20 address: Stephen M Cohn, MD, FACS, Department of Surgery, = University of=20 Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, Mail code 7840, = San=20 Antonio, TX 78229-3900.</FONT></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></FONT> <HR align=3Dleft width=3D"16%"> <FONT size=3D-2>Manuscript received&nbsp;&nbsp;December&nbsp; 8, &nbsp;=20 2006</FONT><FONT size=3D-2> , revised manuscript = received&nbsp;&nbsp;January&nbsp;=20 31, &nbsp; 2007</FONT><FONT size=3D-2> , = accepted&nbsp;&nbsp;February&nbsp; 6,=20 &nbsp; 2007<BR></FONT><BR><BR><FONT size=3D-2><A name=3D""></A><SPAN=20 class=3Dfootnote><B>Competing Interests Declared:=20 None.</B></SPAN></FONT><BR><BR><FONT size=3D-2>PII=20 S1072-7515(07)00244-X</FONT><BR><BR> <HR SIZE=3D1> <TABLE cols=3D3 rules=3Dnone align=3Dcenter frame=3Dbox> <TBODY> <TR> <TH align=3Dleft colSpan=3D3><SPAN class=3Dtitle>Abbreviations and=20 Acronyms</SPAN>=20 <P></P></TH></TR> <TR> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><FONT size=3D-1>CPP cerebral perfusion = pressure</FONT></TD> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><FONT size=3D-1>MODS multiorgan dysfunction=20 syndrome</FONT></TD> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><FONT size=3D-1>NIRS <SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>near-infrared</SPAN> <SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>spectroscopy</SPAN></FONT></TD> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR> <TR> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD> <TD vAlign=3Dtop><FONT size=3D-1>StO2 local tissue oxygen = saturation</FONT></TD> <TD>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR> <P> <P><I>Freedom is the oxygen of the soul.</I> </P> <P>Moshe Dayan</P> <P></P> <P>Oxygen is essential to our survival. Nevertheless, as clinicians, we = still=20 struggle to assess the adequacy of oxygen delivery to key organ beds.<A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#r0= 700244x001"=20 name=3Dxref_r0700244x001><FONT size=3D-1><SUP>[1]</SUP></FONT></A> The = state of=20 organ perfusion could ideally be assessed by a monitor of tissue = oxygenation. An=20 important contribution to the search for such a monitoring method is = <SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>near-infrared</SPAN> <SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>spectroscopy</SPAN>, which can assess tissue oxygen=20 sufficiency. This review will discuss the current state of our knowledge = about=20 <SPAN class=3Dsearch-hit>near-infrared</SPAN> <SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>spectroscopy</SPAN> and its potential place in the = surgical=20 arena.</P><A name=3Dh0700244x01></A><SPAN class=3Dtext><SPAN=20 class=3Dsection-title-1>Evolution of Oxygen Transport</SPAN>=20 <P></P> <P>In our absolute need for oxygen, we are no different from the = unicellular=20 organisms from which we evolved.<A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#r0= 700244x002"=20 name=3Dxref_r0700244x002><FONT size=3D-1><SUP>[2]</SUP></FONT></A> = Single-celled=20 eukaryotes obtain their oxygen through simple diffusion; the rapidity of = this=20 process is directly proportional to the differences in partial pressure = of the=20 gas and the area of the membrane and is inversely proportional to the = distance=20 the gas must travel. Approximately 600 million years ago, single-celled=20 organisms evolved into multicellular forms, the earliest of which were = small,=20 segmented, and highly adapted to meet their oxygen needs by simple = diffusion.=20 But as body plans became more complex, the time-distance constraints of=20 diffusion had to be overcome, so the cardiovascular system evolved to = provide=20 bulk flow to the various tissues of the body (<A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#f0= 700244x001"=20 name=3Dxref_f0700244x001><FONT size=3D-1>Fig. 1</FONT></A>). The body = plan of most=20 multicellular organisms can be reduced to a simple scheme with four = crucial=20 steps in the chain of oxygen transport: bulk flow from the environment = to a=20 highly vascularized surface, whether skin, gills, or lung; diffusion = into the=20 blood; bulk flow to the various tissues of the body; and diffusion into = the=20 mitochondrial sink of every cell. This scheme does not defy the laws of = physics;=20 oxygen transport ultimately depends on simple diffusion at the level of = the=20 lung-blood interface and the blood-tissue interface.</P> <P><A name=3Df0700244x001></A><BR><A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/If0700244= x001.fig#top"><IMG=20 src=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourna= l&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/n0700244x0= 01.gif"=20 align=3Dleft border=3D1></A> <FONT color=3D#006666 size=3D-1><B>Figure = 1</B>&nbsp;=20 </FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT color=3D#006666 size=3D-1>Oxygen transport in = multicellular=20 organisms: in multicellular organisms, diffusion of oxygen occurs from = the=20 environment (through skin, gills, or lungs) into the circulation for = delivery to=20 the tissues, where it can be used by the cell for energy production. = (Reprinted=20 from: Hameed SM, Aird WC, Cohn SM. Oxygen delivery. Crit Care Med = 2003;31(12=20 Suppl):S658=96667 with permission).</FONT> <BR clear=3Dleft></P> <P>Because oxygen is poorly soluble in water and plasma, most = multicellular=20 organisms with a cardiovascular system have evolved a respiratory = pigment that=20 serves to bind oxygen for transport in the blood. In invertebrates, the=20 respiratory pigment (usually hemocyanin) circulates freely in solution. = In=20 vertebrates, the respiratory pigment (always hemoglobin) is packaged in = red=20 blood cells, where it is protected from the oxidative stress of the = environment=20 and where oxygen binding may be finely tuned according to allosteric and = cooperative interactions. The red blood cells of fish, amphibians, = reptiles, and=20 birds are nucleated; the anucleate red blood cell is unique to mammals. = There=20 are several possible evolutionary explanations for the loss of the red = blood=20 cell nucleus. First, exclusion of the nucleus potentially provides more = room in=20 the cell for hemoglobin. Second, an anucleate red cell should weigh less = and be=20 more deformable. Finally, perhaps the most compelling explanation is = that a red=20 blood cell without a nucleus is a cell without mitochondria and = oxidative=20 phosphorylation. So the anucleate red blood cell avoids the conflict of = interest=20 that would be associated with being both a consumer and a deliverer of=20 oxygen.</P></SPAN><A name=3Dh0700244x02></A><SPAN class=3Dtext><SPAN=20 class=3Dsection-title-1>History of Oxygen and Oximetry</SPAN>=20 <P></P> <P>The history of oxygen and its measurement are beautifully described = in two=20 publications by Astrup and Severinghaus<A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#r0= 700244x003"=20 name=3Dxref_r0700244x003><FONT size=3D-1><SUP>[3]</SUP></FONT></A> and=20 Severinghaus.<A=20 href=3D"http://www.mdconsult.com/das/article/body/75828087-4/jorg=3Djourn= al&amp;source=3D&amp;sp=3D19767158&amp;sid=3D609540508/N/599548/1.html#r0= 700244x004"=20 name=3Dxref_r0700244x004><FONT size=3D-1><SUP>[4]</SUP></FONT></A> = </P><A=20 name=3Dh0700244x0201></A><SPAN class=3Dtext><SPAN = class=3Dsection-title-2>Discoverers=20 of oxygen</SPAN>=20 <P></P> <P>Air was poorly understood until the late 18th century, when Carl = Wilhelm=20 Scheele, a Swedish pharmacist (in 1772), and Joseph Priestley, an = English=20 minister and amateur chemist (in 1774), independently discovered oxygen. = Both=20 men performed mouse survival experiments using gas formed by heating red = calx of=20 mercury, now referred to as mercuric oxide. Priestley, at one time, = lived next=20 to a brewery and became fascinated by the immense quantities of gas that = were=20 generated in the brewing vats, where a candle could not burn. He = discovered nine=20 gases and elucidated the principles involved in refrigeration, soda = water, and=20 oxygen generation by photosynthesis. Scheele identified seven elements = and many=20 compounds. It was Lavoisier, perhaps France=92s greatest chemist, who, = in 1779,=20 first coined the term <I>oxygen</I> (oxyg=E8ne); the term is taken from = the Greek=20 words for =93acid=94 and =93to form,=94 because Lavoisier believed that = this element was=20 present in all acids.</P></SPAN><A name=3Dh0700244x0202></A><SPAN = class=3Dtext><SPAN=20 class=3Dsection-title-2>The origins of oximetry</SPAN>=20 <P></P> <P>The first person to monitor human blood oxygenation was German = physiologist=20 Karl von Vierordt in 1874. In the two previous decades, Bunsen and = Kirckhoff had=20 invented the spectroscope, and George Gabriel Stokes had discovered that = oxygen=20 absorption led to changes in the color of hemoglobin. These innovations = enabled=20 von Vierordt to perform experiments demonstrating that the amount of red = light=20 transmitted through the hand decreased when the hand was made ischemic. = These=20 pioneering studies were essentially ignored until the 1930s, when German = physician-scientist Karl Matthes first used variable transmission of red = and=20 infrared light through the human ear to assess oxygenation. American = researcher=20 Glen Milliken coined the term <I>oximeter</I> in 1942. He developed the = first=20 small portable ear oximeter, a device that was used for many years in = pulmonary=20 and physiology laboratories. Pulse oximetry was described in 1972 by = Japanese=20 bioengineer Takuo Aoyagi; the technique was later modified by American=20 anesthesiologist William New for use in anesthesia and critical care. = Today, the=20 oximeter is no longer an experimental physiologic laboratory tool; it = has=20 evolved to become an integral component of clinical = care.</P></SPAN></SPAN><A=20 name=3Dh0700244x03></A><SPAN class=3Dtext><SPAN = class=3Dsection-title-1><SPAN=20 class=3Dsearch-hit>Near-Infrared</SPAN> <SPAN = class=3Dsea